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Archeology/Jerusalem: J. King - Recent Discoveries on the Temple Hill at Jerusalem (1884 PDF)

Archeology: The Other Messiah "Bar Kokhba's letters show him warning his followers not to trust the "Galileans" -- a common name for the followers of Jesus of Nazareth. The Galileans, who already were being called Christians, were in the ascendancy. While the Romans were fighting the Jews, the Christians were gaining power and influence and converts in the heart of the Roman Empire. This was not their war with the Romans, for the Christian messiah was the Prince of Peace, and they would win in the end, with history-changing results. And without the support of the Galileans, Simon bar Kokhba's revolt was doomed. "

THE ROMAN EMPIRE
& Theo-Political Collaboration with the Jewish Nation

The last age, decreed by Fate, is come: And a new frame of all things does begin. A holy progeny from Heaven descends. Auspicious be his birth! which puts an end To the iron age! and from whence shall rise a golden state far glorious through the earth! - Virgil

LATEST ADDITIONS

Emperor Claudius Study Archive "Very little was to be expected from a ruler so unhappily constituted, and yet the policy which Claudius at first adopted in Judaea was singularly wise and opportune. Instead of sending a procurator, who with the best intentions would probably have added to the existing state of exasperation, Claudius fell back upon the methods of Augustus, and decided to manage Jewish affairs by means of a prince who understood the peculiarities of the people."
Free Online Books: The Jews Under Roman Rule - William Douglas Morrison (1890 PDF) "It was no doubt believed in imperial circles that the people of Judaea would be appeased by the unwonted spectacle of a Roman officer perishing in obloquy at the scene of his misdeeds. The spirit of revolt, however, was not to be so easily allayed ; every day it was gaining a firmer hold upon the popular mind, and the enemies of Rome had now become too numerous and implacable to be satisfied with anything short of national independence. The Temple aristocracy, it is true, still held aloof from the ideas of the Zealots, but it had become a rotten and effete caste, ever ready to plunder the poor and helpless, and as the trial of St. Paul before Ananias shows, very brutal in the exercise of its powers."

BOOKS AND ARTICLES ON FIRST CENTURY ROME

2006: M. Gwyn Morgan - Book Page: AD69 - The Year of Four Emperors (2006) - AD69 - The Year of Four Emperors (PDF)
2005: J.E. Lendon - Roman Siege and Sack of Jerusalem - "The siege of Jerusalem was probably the greatest single slaughter in ancient history. Not only was the city sacked and burned, but Titus gave directions that what remained should be wholly demolished, except for a stretch of wall and some high towers that were left as a symbol to the world of Roman strength -- and as a warning to anyone who might again defy the fury of the Romans."
1908: Bernard W. Henderson - Civil War and Rebellion in the Roman Empire - AD69-70 (PDF)
0109: P. Cornelius Tacitus - Annals (1904 Edition) "The Romans then began to prepare for an assault. It seemed beneath them to await the result of famine. The army demanded the more perilous alternative, some prompted by courage, many by sheer ferocity and greed of gain. Titus himself had Rome with all its wealth and pleasures before his eyes. Jerusalem must fall at once, or it would delay his enjoyment of them. "

IMAGES AND CHARTS

Roman Ballista

1719 Josephus

JUDEAN CAMPAIGNS AND RISE OF TITUS
A.D.66-73 | FALL OF JERUSALEM, A.D.70

Titus leading soldiers	1683 Copperplate "Jerusalem Besieged by Titus Vespasian"	1569 Galle's "Destruction of Jerusalem by Emperor Titus"	Titus
1601 Nevereze's "Jerusalem Besieged"	1703 Leucken's Josephus	Titus	1827 Pierre Family's "Jerusalem as Besieged by Titus"