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Nigel Cawthorne - History's Greatest Battles: Masterstrokes of War (2005 PDF) Jerusalem, Defending the Temple - AD70 (p. 31-)  "By crushing Jewish resistance in Jerusalem, the Romans consolidated their eastern empire, driving Jews out of their homeland in a diaspora that has religious and political consequences to this day."

Henry Burton Sharman - The Teaching of Jesus About the Future (1908 PDF)


 

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 1-1000

070: Clement: First Epistle of Clement

075: Baruch: Apocalypse Of Baruch

075: Barnabus: Epistle of Barnabus

090: Esdras 2 / 4 Ezra

100: Odes of Solomon

150: Justin: Dialogue with Trypho

150: Melito: Homily of the Pascha

175: Irenaeus: Against Heresies

175: Clement of Alexandria: Stromata

198: Tertullian: Answer to the Jews

230: Origen: The Principles | Commentary on Matthew | Commentary on John | Against Celsus

248: Cyprian: Against the Jews

260: Victorinus: Commentary on the Apocalypse "Alcasar, a Spanish Jesuit, taking a hint from Victorinus, seems to have been the first (AD 1614) to have suggested that the Apocalyptic prophecies did not extend further than to the overthrow of Paganism by Constantine."

310: Peter of Alexandria

310: Eusebius: Divine Manifestation of our Lord

312: Eusebius: Proof of the Gospel

319: Athanasius: On the Incarnation

320: Eusebius: History of the Martyrs

325: Eusebius: Ecclesiastical History

345: Aphrahat: Demonstrations

367: Athanasius: The Festal Letters

370: Hegesippus: The Ruin of Jerusalem

386: Chrysostom: Matthew and Mark

387: Chrysostom: Against the Jews

408: Jerome: Commentary on Daniel

417: Augustine: On Pelagius

426: Augustine: The City of God

428: Augustine: Harmony

420: Cassian: Conferences

600: Veronica Legend

800: Aquinas: Eternity of the World

 


1000-2006

FUTURIST
HISTORICAL
MODERN

1265: Aquinas: Catena Aurea

1543: Luther: On the Jews

1555: Calvin: Harmony on Evangelists

1556: Jewel: Scripture

1586: Douay-Rheims Bible

1598: Jerusalem's Misery ; The dolefull destruction of faire Ierusalem by Tytus, the Sonne of Vaspasian

1603: Nero : A New Tragedy

1613: Carey: The Fair Queen of Jewry

1614: Alcasar: Vestigatio arcani sensus in Apocalypsi

1654: Ussher: The Annals of the World

1658: Lightfoot: Commentary from Hebraica

1677: Crowne - The Destruction of Jerusalem

1764: Lardner: Fulfilment of our Saviour's Predictions

1776: Edwards: History of Redemption

1785: Churton: Prophecies Respecting the Destruction of Jerusalem

1801: Porteus - Our Lord's Prophecies

1802: Nisbett: The Coming of the Messiah

1805: Jortin: Remarks on Ecclesiastical History

1810: Clarke: Commentary On the Whole Bible

1816: Wilkins: Destruction of Jerusalem Related to Prophecies

1824: Galt: The Bachelor's Wife

1840: Smith: The Destruction of Jerusalem

1841: Currier: The Second Coming of Christ

1842: Bastow : A (Preterist) Bible Dictionary

1842: Stuart: Interpretation of Prophecy

1843: Lee: Dissertations on Eusebius

1845: Stuart: Commentary on Apocalypse

1849: Lee: Inquiry into Prophecy

1851: Lee: Visions of Daniel and St. John

1853: Newcombe - Observations on our Lord's Conduct as Divine Instructor

1854: Chamberlain: Restoration of Israel

1854: Fairbairn: The Typology of Scripture

1859: "Lee of Boston" - Eschatology

1861: Maurice - Lectures on the Apocalypse

1863: Thomas Lewin : The Siege of Jerusalem

1865: Desprez: Daniel (Renounced Full Preterism)

1870: Fall of Jerusalem and the Roman Conquest

1871: Dale - Jewish Temple and Christian Church (PDF)

1879: Warren: The Parousia

1882: Farrar: The Early Days of Christianity

1883: Milton S. Terry - Biblical Hermeneutics

1888: Henty: For The Temple

1891: Farrar: Scenes in the days of Nero

1896: Lee : A Scholar of a Past Generation

1900: Urmy - Christ Came Again (1900)

1902: Church: Story of the Last Days of Jerusalem

1917: Morris: Christ's Second Coming Fulfilled

1985: Lee: Jerusalem; Rome; Revelation (PDF)

1987: Chilton: The Days of Vengeance

2001: Fowler: Jesus - The Better Everything

2006: M. Gwyn Morgan - AD69 - The Year of Four Emperors

Print and Use For Personal Bookmark or Placement in Bookstores

 

 

 


SEGE OF JERUSALEM

By Huchown of the Awle Ryale (1380-1390)

 


"It is possible, perhaps, that the story's final lines (1337-40) allude to this ultimate act in human history (the second coming of Christ), depicting a return to a home of two sorts: the physical city of Rome and the new spiritual home that Rome represents."

Whan alle was demed and don they drowen up tentis,
Trossen here tresour and trompen up the sege,
Wenten syngyng away and han here wille forthred,
And hom riden to Rome. Now rede ous oure Lord!
said and done; folded
Pack; trumpet; siege
have their will furthered
ride home; guide us may
 

CLICK HERE FOR PDF FILE OF ENTIRE BOOK

And after sixty-two weeks Christ shall be slain: and the people that shall deny him shall not be his. And a people, with their leader, that shall come, shall destroy the city, and the sanctuary: and the end thereof shall be waste, and after the end of the war the appointed desolation. (Daniel 9:26)

For the days shall come upon thee: and thy enemies shall cast a trench about thee and compass thee round and straiten thee on every side . . . (Luke 19:43)1
Opinion #1: "it [Siege] mars the reputation of medieval chivalric literature; viewed another, it stains the good name of medieval piety. It seems ruined by rank anti-Semitism; since it transgresses ethically, it also must fail as literature. In short, its grossness is so palpable that it seems to merit the critical invisibility that has been its textual fate for most of its post-medieval existence." Roger Nicholson Opinion #2: "the marginalization of Siege of Jerusalem in this politically correct world says far more about us as readers, and our own difficulties in coping with such charged topics, than it does about medieval perspectives on the material in question." Michael Livingston

 

"The poet appears to be suggesting that spiritual blindness and failure to stand up for the Christian faith is not to be tolerated. This is not the fault of the Jewish people, who merely follow their tyrannical leaders with misgiving, suffering greatly in the process. Although the poet is by no means in favour of Judaism, he can at least make a distinction among Jews, seeing some as victims and some as villains. Furthermore, the Jewish leaders are not the only evil characters in the poem; there are others such as Nero. Not all Romans are good, nor are all Jews wicked." Bonnie Millar

The siege of Jerusalem
Lines 1 through 100
Page  1
In Tiberyus tyme že trewe emperour
     1
Sir Sesar hym sulf seysed in Rome
     2
Whyle Pylat was prouost vnder žat prince riche
     3
& Iewen iustice also in Judeus londis
     4
Herodes vnder his emperie as heritage wolde
     5
Kyng of Galile ycalled whan žat Crist deyed
     6
Žey Sesar sakles wer žat oft synne hatide
     7
Žrow Pylat pyned he was & put on že rode
     8
A pyler pyȝt was doun vpon že playn erže
     9
His body bonden žer to beten with scourgis
     10
Whyppes of quyrboyle by-wente his white sides
     11
Til he al on rede blode ran as rayn [i]n že strete
     12
Suž stoked hym on a stole with styf Mannes hondis
     13
Blyndfelled hym as a be & boffetis hym raȝte Page  2
     14
Ȝif žou be prophete of pris prophecie žey sayde
     15
Whiche [beryn] her aboute bolled že laste
     16
A žrange žornen croune was žraste on his hed
     17
Vmbe-casten hym with a cry & on a croys slowen
     18
For al že harme žat he hadde hasted he noȝt
     19
On hem že vyleny to venge žat his veynys brosten
     20
Bot ay taried ouer že tyme ȝif žey tourne wolde
     21
Ȝaf hem space žat hym spilide žey hit spedde lyte
     22
Forty wynter as y fynde & no fewer ȝyrys
     23
Or princes presed in hem žat hym to pyne wroȝt
     24
Til hit tydde on a tyme žat Tytus of Rome
     25
Žat alle Gascoyne gate & Gyan že noble
     26
Whyle noye noyet hym in Neroes tyme
     27
He hadde a malady vn-meke a-myd[dis] že face
     28
Že lyppe lyž on a lumpe lyuered on že cheke
     29
So a canker vnclene hit cloched to gedres
     30
Also his fader of flesche is ferly bytide
     31
A biker of waspen bees bredde on his nose Page  3
     32
Hyued vpon his hed he hadde hem of ȝouže
     33
And Waspasian was caled že waspene bees after
     34
Was neuer syknes sorer žan žis sir žoled
     35
For in a liter he lay laser at Rome
     36
Out of Galace was gon to glade hym a stounde
     37
For in žat cuže he was kyng žey he car žolede
     38
Nas žer no leche vpon lyue žis lordes couž helpe
     39
Ne no grace growyng to gayne her grym sores
     40
Now was žer on N[a]than Neymes sone of Grec[e]
     41
Žat souȝt oft ouer že se fram cyte to ožer
     42
Knewe contreys fele kyngdomes manye
     43
& was a marener myche & marchaunt bože
     44
Sensceus out of Surye sent hym to Rome
     45
To že athel Emperour an eraunde fram že Jewes
     46
Caled Nero by name žat hym to noye wroȝt
     47
Of his tribute to telle žat žey withtake wolde
     48
Nathan toward Nero nome on his way
     49
Ouer že Grekys grounde myd že grym yžes Page  4
     50
An heye settež že sayl ouer že [salte] water
     51
& with a dromound on že deep drof on faste
     52
Že wolco[n] wanned anon & že water skewež
     53
Cloudes clateren gon as žey cleue wolde
     54
Že racke myd a rede wynde roos on že myddel
     55
& sone sette on že se out of že souž syde
     56
Blewe on že brode se bolned vp harde
     57
Nathannys naue a-non on [že] norž dryuež
     58
So že wedour & že wynd on že water metyn
     59
Žat alle hurtled on an hepe žat že helm ȝemyd
     60
Nathan flatte for ferde & ful vnder hacchys
     61
Lete že wedour & že wynde worže as hit lyked
     62
Že schip scher vpon schore schot froward Rome
     63
Toward vncouž costes keuerež že yžes
     64
Rapis vnradly vmbe ragged tourres
     65
Že brode sail at o brayd to-brestež a twynne
     66
Žat on ende of že sschip was ay toward heuen Page  5
     67
Žat ožer doun in že deep as alle drenche wolde
     68
Ouer wilde wawes he wende as alle walte scholde
     69
St[a]rke stremes žrow yn stormes & wyndes
     70
With mychel langour atte laste as our lord wolde
     71
Alle was born at a by[rre] to Burdewes hauene
     72
By žat wer bernes atte banke barouns & knyȝtes
     73
& [citezeins] of že syȝt selcouž [hem] žoȝt
     74
Žat euer barge ožer bot or berne vpon lyue
     75
Vnpersched passed hadde že peryles wer so many
     76
Žey token hym to Titus for he že tonge couže
     77
& he [hem] fraynes how fer že flode hadde yferked
     78
Sir out of Surre he seide y am come
     79
To Nero sondis-man sent že [seygnour] of Rome
     80
Ffram Sensceus his seriant with certayn leteres
     81
Žat is iustise & iuge of Jewen lawe
     82
Me wer leuer at žat londe le[ngede] žat y wer
     83
Žan alle že gold ožer good žat euer god made
     84
Že kyng in to conseyl callež hym sone Page  6
     85
& saide Canste žou any cur or craft vpon erže
     86
To softe že grete sore žat sittež on my cheke
     87
& y schal že redly rewarde & to Rome sende
     88
Nathan nyckes hym with nay sayde he non couže
     89
Bot wer žou kyng in žat kužže žer žat Crist deyed
     90
Žer is a worlich wif a womman ful clene
     91
Žat haž softyng & salue for eche sore out
     92
Telle me tyt quož Titus & že schal tyde better
     93
What medecyn is most žat žat may vsež
     94
Whežer gommes ožer graces or any goode drenches
     95
Ožer chauntementes or charmes y charge že to say
     96
Nay non of žo quož Nathan bot now wole y [telle]
     97
Žer was a lede in our londe while he lif hadde
     98
Preued for a prophete žrow preysed dedes
     99
& born in Bethleem one by of a burde schene
     100
Lines 101 through 200
& ȝo a mayde vnmarred žat neuer man touched
     101
As clene as clef žer cristalle sprynges
     102
Without hosebondes helpe saue že holy goste
     103
A kyng & a knaue child ȝo conceyued at ere Page  7
     104
A touche of že trinyte touched hir hadde
     105
Žre persones in o place preued to gedres
     106
Eche grayn is o god & o god bot alle
     107
& alle žre ben bot one as eldres vs tellen
     108
Že first is že fader žat fourmed was neuer
     109
Že secunde is že sone of his sede growyn
     110
Že žridde in heuen myd hem is že holy goste
     111
Nežer merked ne made bot mene fram hem passyž
     112
Alle ben žey endeles & euer of o myȝt
     113
& weren endeles euer [er] že world was bygonne
     114
As sone was že sone as že self fader
     115
Že holy goste with hem hadde žey euer
     116
Že secunde persone že sone sent was to erže
     117
To take careynes kynde of a clene mayde
     118
& so vnknowen he came caytifes to helpe
     119
& wroȝt wondres ynowe ay tille he wo driede
     120
Wyne he wroȝt of water at o word ene
     121
Ten lasares at a logge he leched at enys
     122
Pyned myd p[ar]il[sye] he putte to hele
     123
& ded men fro že dež eche day rered
     124
Croked & cancred he keuered hem alle Page  8
     125
Bož že dombe & že deue myd his der wordes
     126
Dide myracles mo žan y in mynde haue
     127
Nis no clerk with countours couže aluendel rekene
     128
Fyf žousand of folke is ferr to here
     129
With two fisches he fedde & fif ber loues
     130
Žat eche freke hadde his fulle & ȝit ferre leued
     131
Of brede & of broken mete bascketes twelue
     132
Žer suwed hym out of an cite [seuenty] & twey
     133
To do what he dempte disciples wer hoten
     134
Hem to citees he sende his sawes to preche
     135
Ay by two & by two til hy wer a-twynne
     136
Hym suwed of an-ožer cite semeliche twelue
     137
Pore men & noȝt prute aposteles wer hoten
     138
Žat of cay[ti]fes he ches holy churche to encresche
     139
Že out-wale of žis worlde žis wer her names
     140
Peter James & Jon & Jacob že ferže
     141
& že fifže of his felawys Phelip was hoten
     142
Že sixte Symond was caled & že seuež eke Page  9
     143
Bertholomewe žat his bone neuer breke nolde
     144
Že eyȝt man was Mathu žat is myche yloued
     145
Tadde & Tomas her ben ten euen
     146
& Andreu že elleuež žat auntred hym myche
     147
Byfor princes to preche was Petrus brožer
     148
Že laste man was vnlele & lužer of his dedis
     149
Judas žat Jesu Crist to že Jewes solde
     150
Suž hymsulf he slowe for sorow of žat dede
     151
His body on a balwe tree to-breste on že myddel
     152
Whan Crist hadde heried helle & was [to] heuen passed
     153
For žat mansed man Mathie žey chossyn
     154
Ȝit vnbaptized wer bože Barnabe & Poule
     155
& noȝt knewen of Crist bot comen sone after
     156
Že princes & že prelates aȝen že paske tyme
     157
Alle žei hadde hym in hate for his holy werkes
     158
Hit was a doylful dede whan žey his dež caste
     159
Žrow Pilat pyned he was že prouost of Rome
     160
& žat worliche wif žat arst was ynempned
     161
Haž his visage in hir veil Veronyk ȝo hatte
     162
Peynted priuely & playn žat no poynt wantež Page  10
     163
For loue he left hit hir til hir lyues ende
     164
Žer is no gome [o]n žis [grounde] žat is grym wounded
     165
Meselry ne meschef ne man vpon erže
     166
Žat knelež doun to žat clož & on Crist leuež
     167
Bot alle hapnež to hele in [ane] hand whyle
     168
At Rome reyned že emperour quož že kyng riche žan
     169
Cesar synful wrecche žat sent hym fram Rome
     170
Why nadde žy lycam be leyd low vnder erže
     171
Whan Pilat prouost was made suche a prince to jugge
     172
& or žis wordes wer [wel] wonne to že ende
     173
Že canker žat že kyng hadde clenly was heled
     174
With out faute že face of flesche & of hyde
     175
As newe as že nebbe žat neuer was wemmyd
     176
A corteys Crist seide že kyng riche žan
     177
Was neuer worke žat y wroȝt woržy že to telle
     178
Ne dede žat y haue don bot žy dež mened
     179
Ne neuer sey že in siȝt goddis sone der
     180
Bot now [be] bayne [to] my bone blessed lord Page  11
     181
To stire Nero with noye & newen his sorowe
     182
& y schal buske me boun hem bale to wyrche
     183
To do že deueles of dawe & žy dež venge
     184
Telle me tit quož Titus what tokne he lafte
     185
To hem žat knew hym for Crist & his crafte leued
     186
Nempne že trinyte by name quož Nathan at žries
     187
& žer myd baptemed be in blessed water
     188
Forž žey fetten a font & foulled hym žer
     189
Made hym cristen kyng žat for Crist werred
     190
Corrours in to eche coste žan že cours nomen
     191
& alle his baronage broȝt to Burdewes hauen
     192
Suž with že sondes-man he [s]ouȝt to Rome
     193
Že ferly & že fair cure his fader to schewe
     194
& he gronnand glad grete god žanked
     195
& loude criande on Crist carped & saide
     196
Woržy wemlese God in whom y byleue
     197
[Als] žou in Bethleem was born of a bryȝt mayde
     198
Sende me hele of my hurt & heyly y a-fowe
     199
To be ded for žy dež bot hit be der ȝolden Page  12
     200
Lines 201 through 300
Žat tyme peter was pope & preched in rome
     201
Že lawe & že lore žat our byleue askež
     202
Folowed faste on že folke & to že fayž tourned
     203
& crist wroȝt for žat wye wondres ynow
     204
Žer of waspasian was war žat že waspys hadde
     205
Sone sendež hym to & že sože tolde
     206
Of crist & že kerchef žat keuered že sike
     207
As nathan neymes sone seide žat [was to nero] come
     208
Žan to consayl was called že knyȝtes of rome
     209
& assenteden sone to sende messages
     210
Twenti knyȝtes wer cud že ker[ch]yf to fecche
     211
& asked trewes of že emperour žat erand to done
     212
Ac without tribute or trewes tenfulle wyes
     213
Že knyȝtes with že kerchef comen ful blyue
     214
Že pope ȝaf pardoun to hem žat passed žer aȝens
     215
With processioun & pres princes & dukes
     216
& whan že womman was war žat že wede owede
     217
[of] seint peter že pope ȝo platte to že grounde
     218
Vmbefelde his fete & to že freke saide
     219
Of žis kerchef & my cors že kepyng y že take Page  13
     220
Žan bygan že burne biterly to wepe
     221
For že doylful dež of his der mayster
     222
& longe stode in že stede or he stynte myȝt
     223
Whan he vnclosed že clože žat cristes body touched
     224
Že wede fram že womman [he] warpe atte laste
     225
Receyued hit myd reuerence & rennande teris
     226
Out of že place myd pres žey passed on swyže
     227
& ay held hit on hey žat alle byhold myȝt
     228
Žan twelf barouns bolde že emperour bade wende
     229
& že pope departe fram že pople faste
     230
Veronyk & že vail waspasian žey broȝt
     231
& seint peter že pope presented bože
     232
Bot a ferly byfelle forž myd hem alle
     233
In her temple bytidde tenful žynges
     234
Že mahound & že mametes tomortled to peces
     235
& al tocrased as že clož žroȝ že kirke passed
     236
Into že palice with že printe žan že pope ȝede
     237
Knyȝtes kepten že clože & on knees fallen
     238
A flauour flambež žer fro žey felleden hit alle Page  14
     239
Was neuer odour ne eyr vpon erže swetter
     240
Že kerchef clansed hit self & so cler wexed
     241
Myȝt no lede on hit loke for liȝt žat hit schewed
     242
As hit aproched to že prince he put vp his hed
     243
For comfort of že clož he cried wel loude
     244
Lo lordlynges her že lyknesse of crist
     245
Of whom my botnyng y bidde for his bitter woundis
     246
Žan was wepyng & wo & wryngyng of hondis
     247
With loude dyn & dit for doil of hym one
     248
Že pope availed že vaile & his visage touched
     249
Že body suž al aboute blessed hit žrye
     250
Že waspys wenten away & alle že wo after
     251
Žat er lasar was longe lyȝtter was neuere
     252
Žan was pypyng & play his pyne was awey
     253
Žey ȝelden grace to god žis two grete lordes
     254
Že kerchef ariež fram alle & in že eyr hangyž
     255
Žat že symple myȝt hit se in to soper tyme
     256
Že veronycle after veronyk waspasian hit called Page  15
     257
Garde hit gayly agysen in gold & in seluere
     258
Ȝit is že visage in že vail as veronyk hym broȝt
     259
Že romaynes at rome a relyk hit holden
     260
Žis whyle nero hadde noye & non nyȝtes reste
     261
For his tribute was [tynt] as nathan told hadde
     262
He commaundiž knyȝtes to come consail to holde
     263
Erles & alle men že emperour aboute
     264
Assembled že senatours sone vpon haste
     265
To iugge who jewes myȝt best vpon že jewys take
     266
& alle demeden by dome žo dukes to wende
     267
Žat wer cured žrow crist žat žey on croys slowen
     268
Žat on waspasian was of že wyes twey
     269
Žat že trauail vndertoke & titus an ožer
     270
A bold burne on a blonke & of his body comyn
     271
No feržer sib to hymself bot his sone der
     272
Crouned kynges bože & mychel crist loued
     273
Žat hadde hem [g]euen of his grace & her grem stroyed Page  16
     274
Moste žei hadde hit in hert her hestes to kepe
     275
& her forwardis to fulfille žat žei byfor made
     276
Žan was rotlyng in rome robbyng of brynnyes
     277
Schewyng of scharpe [stele] scheldes ydressed
     278
Lauȝte leue at žat lord leften his sygne
     279
A grete dragoun of gold & alle že [g]yng folwed
     280
By žat schippis wer schred yschot on že depe
     281
Takled & atired on talterande yžes
     282
Ffresch water & wyn wounden yn faste
     283
& stof of alle maner store žat hem strengže scholde
     284
Žer wer floynes a flot farcostes many
     285
Cogges & crayers ycasteled alle
     286
Galees of grete streyngže with golden fanes
     287
[že brede] on že brod se aboute four myle
     288
Žey tyȝten vp tal-sail whan že tide asked
     289
Hadde byr at že bake & že bonke lefte
     290
Souȝte ouer